IPM 8 Version Enhancements

New Features in the Latest Versions of the IPM Suite - Released April 2012

IPM 8.0

This is a summary of the main additions that have been incorporated into the IPM suite of programs in the April 2012 release.

GAP Version 9.0 - Enhancements Implemented:

PVT Modeling

Improved CO2 modelling
Viscosity models in EOS can be changed
Multiphase Flash
Hydrate modelling with salts

Well Modeling

CBM well modelling
Well modelling with Sucker Rod Pumps
VLPs can be scheduled to change
Flow assurance related results in the VLPs
New IPR method (per phase)

Pump/Compressor Modelling

Setting option to report violated/limiting constraints when running with no optimisation
Compressor results expanded
Option to model different compressor stages on the same shaft

Program Interface

New plotting display
Running script for solve network
Sinks/Sources working on mass
Inline separator having fixed pressure
LNG element available.

PROSPER Version 12.0 - Enhancements Implemented:

PVT Modeling

Improved CO2 modeling

The density of CO2 has been corrected for use within an EoS. The correction is done by adjusting the volume shift of CO2.
This has the advantage of not limiting the methodology to the pure component.
The thermal properties have also been adjusted to give a much more accurate value over the pressure and temperature ranges encountered in normal application.

Hydrates

Hydrate calculations have been updated to include a comprehensive set of calculations based on the Hydrafact modified cubic and CPA models.
Calculations can be carried out with a mixture of salts and/or a mixture of inhibitors such as DEG, TEG Methanol etc.

Multiphase flashing is being added to IPM to allow water to be modelled within the EoS. Models will include:

Soreide and Whitson
Modified Cubic
CPA
SRK plus Huron Vidal

Viscosity Modelling - Viscosity can be modelled separately for gas and oil. Each can be separately regressed within PVTp and used within PROSPER.

Artificial Lift

The gas flow in the annulus is now modelled with either casing head pressure or liquid level being calculated.
New gas separator models have been added which vary the gas separation efficiency with respect to liquid rate.
The change in temperature of the fluid caused by the Pump and the Motor are now included.
Tapered ESPs can now be specified in a system to model stages of different pumps being placed in series.

The gas flow in the annulus is now modelled with either casing head pressure or liquid level being calculated.
New gas separator models have been added which vary the gas separation efficiency with respect to liquid rate.
The change in temperature of the fluid caused by the Pump and the Motor are now included.

Gas Lifted Oil Wells

When carrying out a gas lift design (to find valve depths) sensitivity studies can now be carried out on certain variables to see their impact on the valve depths and properties calculated.

Diluent Injection

Water Injection can now be modelled with the injected water having a different salinity to the produced water.
Simultaneous water and gas injection at different depths can now be modelled.

ESP VLP/IPR matching

The VLP/IPR matching for ESP allows to enter the pump intake and discharge pressures as inputs. These data can then be passed over to the Quicklook for detailed analysis of the pump performance

Gas Lift for Gas Wells

Continuous Gas Lift can now be modelled in gas and retrograde condensate wells.

Calculations

New Sensitivity Variables added

Multi-layer dP Model
Liquid Level (for ESP/PCP)
CBM GLR
Diluent Salinity
Diluent Gas Injection Depth
Diluent GLR Injected

Number of Sensitivity variables rationalised

Rather than having different types of VLP and SYSTEM calculations for each different number of variables (3,4 or multi-variable) there is now one calculation screen and the number of variables used can be selected by the user.

Rates used for SYSTEM and VLP Calculations

To up 50 rates can be used for the generation of VLP curves and in the SYSTEM calculation screen.

Solids Plot

Critical Transport velocities plot is now available after running any calculation by accessing the Options button

Program Interface

New Screens

The appearance of the screens within PROSPER have been updated.

New Plotting

The plotting feature used within PROSPER has been changed to be consistent with the plotting method used across the IPM suite.
Plots can also be saved and recalled from different files

File Overwrite check

Possibility to switch on/off a confirmation message when an existing file is overwritten.

IPR Modelling

PROSPER will now calculate the bottom hole flowing temperature and how this varies with rate.
Horizontal dP segment results (flow per unit length etc) can now be saved.
SPOT - Fractional flows and Saturations to Water Cut.

Equipment

Edit Screens

The screens used to insert data for the equipment have been updated

Gauges

Up to 10 gauges can be specified in the equipment section and temperatures and pressures at these depths will be reported after SYSTEM calculations.

Coal Bed Methane Producers

VLPs

This new type of well can be implemented using new ESP and PCP models.
Variables for VLP generation can be set as CBM GLR, liquid level and Pump Speed.

IPRs

A new CBM Producer IPR model has been included which models the impact of increasing GLR.

Miscellaneous

Preferences

Specify the number of rates in the IPR/VLP section
Plots - specify if old plots or new plots should be shown or if the choice should be made at the run time.
The casing pressure and liquid level are now calculated.

MBAL Version 11.0 - Enhancements Implemented:

Coal Bed Methane

New IPR calculation method added which calculates three fluid phases directly from the relative permeability information. This is unlike standard IPR methods where the major phase is calculated and then others are obtained from the WGR or CGR etc.
Modification to the pseudo relative permeability curves to allow the option for Krw decrease once Sg>0 or Krw decrease when Sg > Sgr.
Lift curves now include water liquid level as part of information for modelling. Liquid level can be entered for CBM wells.

Tight Gas Model

Improvements in pseudo-time calculations to better account for fluid properties changes with pressure.
Now possible to enter WHP instead of BHP as historical data. The BHP will be calculated from the WHP using a lift curve.
Inclusion of Wattenbarger plot.

1D Model with EOR

Extension of 1D Model for EOR studies: Polymer, surfactant, CO2 flooding and hot water.

Streamlines

Streamlines added as a new tool/feature in MBAL. Userful for estimation of sweep efficiencies and well fractional flows.

PVTp Version 10.0 - Enhancements Implemented:

Regression with Shift and Multiplier for Tc, Pc, AF

This regression mode consists of applying a unique multiplier and/or a shift parameters to each of the properties (Tc, Pc, AF). This mode will keep the original trends of the various
properties (Tc and AF increasing and Pc decreasing with carbon number).
As components' thermal properties are directly calculated from Tc and Pc using the principle of corresponding states, keeping the trend of these properties will also hold the trend of the
thermal properties themselves.
This is a benefit when the EoS is used in a process simulation tool, where single components/cuts thermal properties are at the basis of any calculation.

Additional viscosity models

Additional viscosity modelling options have been allow the user to now model the viscosity of the different phases through the traditional LBC & Zhou methods or via the black oil correlations that typically give more consistent results. This addition has also made it possible to define different correlations for the gas and oil phase.

Water composition

It is now possible to define a water composition for each stream, this composition can consist of salts and hydrate inhibitors. The composition of the water can then be used to perform the advanced hydrate calculations that have also been updated or the salt calculations that can be used to determine the potential for salt dropout.

Salt calculations have been added

It is now possible to use a water composition to perform 3-phase flash calculations that can determine the content of salt that is dropped out from the water phase when the saturation criteria is reached.

Temperature dependant volume shift

The option to use a temperature dependant volume shift has been added to allow the change in the volume shift parameter to be tracked through different temperatures. This parameter has been implemented to overcome the inherent weakness in volume shift use that can lead to poor density matches if improperly used.
NOTE: The temperature dependant volume shift option has only been implemented in PVTP and cannot be used externally, even in the other IPM tools, it should be used as a matching tool only.

Carbon dioxide modelling

In The capability of PVTP to handle the properties of CO2 has been improved with the use of a polynomial that corrects the CO2 volume shift parameter, the results of this show that CO2 properties are consistent with the NIST standard data up to 20000 psi

Water modelling

A number of different techniques for modelling water and the associated impurities have been added, including the Hydrafact polynomial, Hydrafact CPA and the Huron-Vidal model.

RESOLVE Version 5.0 - Enhancements Implemented:

New drivers

MBAL - Petroleum Experts MBAL IPM tool
Visual Workflow - Petroleum Experts Visual Workflow
PumaFlow - IFP reservoir simulator
VIP - Halliburton reservoir simulator

Visual Workflows for implementation of field managements rules / event driven scheduling

Resolve Data Objects

These are a new species of object within Resolve which coexist with application driver objects. In short, they expose some functionality or calculation logic which can be used as part of a wider workflow. An example would be the ability to call standalone (black oil or EOS) PVT calculations.

PxCluster developments

Improved scalability with number of machines
New centralised installation and monitoring console

New wizard to take the results of a full coupled simulation run and turn it into a decline curve model for fast evaluation and scoping

Scenario management developments

New interface and toolbar for interaction with the scenarios
Integration of workflows and initial states into individual scenarios
Automatic generation of scenarios. Automatic sensitisation on multiple variables, plotting of results with respect to sensitivity variable.
Extension of integer optimisation to Excel variables. As Excel variables can be mapped onto variables in other applications, this extends integer optimisation (through GIRO) to all applications which expose integer variables (e.g. plant models in Hysys or UnisimDesign).

Interface developments

Connection popup windows. A quick graph, or pie chart, or raw data, can be popped up when the user holds the mouse over a connection icon
Tools to align icons along a horizontal or vertical line, and space icons equally
A snap to grid option for all icons in the RESOLVE interface
Ability to highlight those modules involved in a global optimisation
Ability to highlight those modules that are part of a loop
Tabbed window displays
Detachable toolbars which can be hidden if required
Detachable plots, useful with dual monitors
Rework of the menu to group functionality more logically (to make it less forecasting oriented)
Graphing enhancements - easily configurable axis titles and ranges, nodes lists now sorted alphabetically

Eclipse driver developments

Parallel Eclipse on Windows supported via Intel MPI
Consistency of IPR point spacing has been improved
Improved user control of point spacing
Improved scaling calculation - brought into line with Reveal
Improved cleanup of failed jobs on Linux
Improved debug logging options on Linux
No need to manually startup Intel MPI daemons when using Intel MPI on Linux

GAP driver developments

Fixed mass rate sources supported

Reveal driver developments

'validation mode' link at wellhead extended to use with Reveal (this option can be found under the 'Wizards' menu item).

IMEX/GEM developments

Closed wells shut with or without crossflow, depending on context and/or user requirements.
(IMEX only) Forced synchronisation of forecast timesteps with date card in simulator deck (for convenient reporting).

REVEAL Version 5.0 - Enhancements Implemented:

Well Modelling

New well bore model data entry method for complex wellbore models
Solver improvements, especially for multi-lateral wells with constraints or simultaneous injection and production
For a multi-lateral well with friction and a reference depth set; will correspond to the internal tubing (base pipe) pressure
Dual and coiled tubing added
Completion pressure losses in addition to Peaceman connection - allows different completions within a single connected gridblock
Improved connection to fractures - e.g. gravel pack connected directly to fracture
ICV elements may be controlled dynamically
ICD dll and generalised pressure drop (e.g. spiral) method added
Additional (internal/external) filter cake plugging model added
Wellbore thermal calculations include enthalpy and JT correlations (equivalent to PROSPER improved approximation).
Diluent, SRP and CBM (ESP & PCP) well type lift curves added

Rock Mechanics

New generalised topology thermal fracture grid - includes improvements to solver during fracture closure
Improvement to stress calculations near refinement and fault boundaries
Improved high friction pressure environments (e.g. non-Darcy, non-Newtonian and low width fractures)
Over-underburden layers may be added simply from the interface
Separate saturation and rock type tables added
Stress properties may be entered by layer, rock type or by grid block
Partial reversibility (hysteresis) added for rock compressibility and stress changes
Sand trapping at producers added
Linear width distribution for producing fracture option added

CBM

Gas adsorption model (Black Oil) including adsorption and diffusion (CBM or shale gas)
Implicit formulation doesn't require dual porosity
Directional stress (cleat) or strain dependent permeability variations coupled to stress model

Dual Porosity

Dual porosity and permeability model a added
Single porosity grids may be converted to dual porosity from the interface
Fracture - matrix flow controlled by shape-factors

Polymer and Gel Rheology

Shear dependence for polymer and gel modeled separately and may be entered by table (e.g. shear thickening)
Polymer and gel thermal thickening effects may be entered by table
Adsorption may be entered by table for concentration and temperature dependence

Water Chemistry

Water vapour partitioning to oleic phase integrated directly into water chemistry engine
CO2 and vapour partitioning improved and gives excellent agreement with published data from 100F to 300F and upto 21000psia
Water chemistry kinetics added for solid precipitation and dissolution - set in initialisation section.
Improvements to partitioning between aqueous and oleic phases when phases are moving at different velocities

Souring

Sulphate dependence for bacteria activity added
H+ and hence pH (important for H2S partitioning) control of sulphate reduction to sulphide added

General enhancements

oil-water IFT correlation improved by modified Parachor correlation (as in Prosper)
extensive new 2D plotting environment
GOC for condensates added
Time reported everywhere in date and time format
SOR (Steam Oil Ratio) and TFSR (Total Fluid Steam Rate) reporting added for reservoir
Transit time for fluids to producers calculated (used for water breakthrough predictions now reported)
Relative permeability end-point-scaling may be paramterised by salinity or temperature
ICD performance plots (Cd v Re)
Injection and production Hall plots (integral and derivative) added
Stress path and internal fracture properties data reported for plotting
Data masking utility improved
Water chemistry input uses pH and pe rather than molar concentrations for H+ and e-
Modified water phase thermal viscosity dependence model added
RESCUE format data may be imported
Eclipse format graphical output (egrid and unrst) for external plotting/analysis
Well stream data may be exported and imported between REVEAL models
Total well rates to regions reported
For multi-lateral wells, data reported per completion
Adsorbed material permeability reduction now relative to initial equilibrated adsorption levels.
Filtrate concentration may be modified in the schedule

OpenServer Version 2.0 - Enhancements Implemented:

Addtional OpenServer varibales added to most IPM tools above